Alguns comandos básicos que você precisa saber para usar um Linux com facilidade..
comandos com exemplos abaixo
comandos com exemplos abaixo
cd = Navega em pastas.
Código:
cd /usr/bin
pwd = Descubra em qual pasta está
Código:
pwd
/usr/bin
/usr/bin
ls = Lista os arquivos dos diretórios
Código:
ls --all
. .gtk-recordmydesktop .superkaramba
.. .hplip .thumbnails
.DCOPserver_localhost_:0 .hyperconf .viminfo
.DCOPserver_localhost__0 .ies4linux .windows-serial
.DownloadManager .java .wine
.ICEauthority .jmf .xine
.Mercury .kchmviewer .xinitrc
.VirtualBox .kde .xinitrc-backup
.Xauthority .kderc .xmms
. .gtk-recordmydesktop .superkaramba
.. .hplip .thumbnails
.DCOPserver_localhost_:0 .hyperconf .viminfo
.DCOPserver_localhost__0 .ies4linux .windows-serial
.DownloadManager .java .wine
.ICEauthority .jmf .xine
.Mercury .kchmviewer .xinitrc
.VirtualBox .kde .xinitrc-backup
.Xauthority .kderc .xmms
uname = Saiba sobre o seu Kernel, Processador, hostname etc..
Código:
uname -a
Linux localhost 2.6.27.7-smp #2 SMP Thu Nov 20 22:32:43 CST 2008 i686 Intel(R) Celeron(R) CPU 3.06GHz GenuineIntel GNU/Linux
Linux localhost 2.6.27.7-smp #2 SMP Thu Nov 20 22:32:43 CST 2008 i686 Intel(R) Celeron(R) CPU 3.06GHz GenuineIntel GNU/Linux
rm = Remove diretórios e arquivos
Código:
rm sindicatohacker
mkdir = Crie diretórios
Código:
mkdir sh/forum
touch = Crie arquivos
Código:
touch sindicatohacker
vim = Edite ou Crie arquivos de texto
Código:
vim sindicatohacker
cat = Mostra o conteúdo de um certo arquivo
Código:
cat sindicatohacker
cowsay -f daemon "WWW.SINDICATOHACKER.ORG/FORUM"
cowsay -f daemon "WWW.SINDICATOHACKER.ORG/FORUM"
chmod = Seta permissoes de usuário ou de execução.
Código:
chmod +x sindicatohacker
./ ou sh = Executa arquivos
Código:
./sindicatohacker
_______________________________
< WWW.SINDICATOHACKER.ORG/FORUM >
-------------------------------
\ , ,
\ /( )`
\ \ \___ / |
/- _ `-/ '
(/\/ \ \ /\
/ / | ` \
O O ) / |
`-^--'`< '
(_.) _ ) /
`.___/` /
`-----' /
<----. __ / __ \
<----|====O)))==) \) /====
<----' `--' `.__,' \
| |
\ /
______( (_ / \______
,' ,-----' | \
`--{__________) \/
_______________________________
< WWW.SINDICATOHACKER.ORG/FORUM >
-------------------------------
\ , ,
\ /( )`
\ \ \___ / |
/- _ `-/ '
(/\/ \ \ /\
/ / | ` \
O O ) / |
`-^--'`< '
(_.) _ ) /
`.___/` /
`-----' /
<----. __ / __ \
<----|====O)))==) \) /====
<----' `--' `.__,' \
| |
\ /
______( (_ / \______
,' ,-----' | \
`--{__________) \/
---
cp = Copia arquivos
Código:
cp sindicatohacker /dev/null
mv = Move, Substitui e Renomeia arquivos.
Código:
mv sindicatohacker /dev/null
halt = Desliga o sistema
Código:
halt OU shutdown -h OU init 0
reboot = Reinicia o sistema
Código:
reboot OU shutdown -r OU init 6
mount = Monta e desmonta dispositivos. etc...
Código:
mount /dev/sda1 /media/disk
umount = Desmonta dispositivos
Código:
umount /dev/sda1
eject = ejecta o cd ou dispositivos
Código:
eject /dev/cdrom OU PARA FECHAR A GAVETA DA LEITORA eject --trayclose
cfdisk = Particionador de dispositivos em modo texto
Código:
cfdisk (util-linux-ng 2.14.1)
Disk Drive: /dev/hda
Size: 40020664320 bytes, 40.0 GB
Heads: 255 Sectors per Track: 63 Cylinders: 4865
Name Flags Part Type FS Type [Label] Size (MB)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
hda1 Primary Linux ReiserFS 38996.06
hda5 Logical Linux swap 1019.94
[ Bootable ] [ Delete ] [ Help ] [ Maximize ] [ Print ]
[ Quit ] [ Type ] [ Units ] [ Write ]
Toggle bootable flag of the current partition
Disk Drive: /dev/hda
Size: 40020664320 bytes, 40.0 GB
Heads: 255 Sectors per Track: 63 Cylinders: 4865
Name Flags Part Type FS Type [Label] Size (MB)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
hda1 Primary Linux ReiserFS 38996.06
hda5 Logical Linux swap 1019.94
[ Bootable ] [ Delete ] [ Help ] [ Maximize ] [ Print ]
[ Quit ] [ Type ] [ Units ] [ Write ]
Toggle bootable flag of the current partition
date = mostra a data
Código:
date
Mon Jul 13 23:24:20 BRT 2009
Mon Jul 13 23:24:20 BRT 2009
cal = mostra o calendario e o dia em que vc está.
Código:
cal
July 2009
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9 10 11
12 13 14 15 16 17 18
19 20 21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28 29 30 31
July 2009
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9 10 11
12 13 14 15 16 17 18
19 20 21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28 29 30 31
alsamixer = Mostra o volume do som no terminal
Código:
¦ Card: HDA Intel ¦
¦ Chip: Analog Devices AD1986A ¦
¦ View: [Playback] Capture All ¦
¦ Item: Master [dB gain=0.00] ¦
¦ ¦
¦ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ ¦
¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦ ¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦
¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦
¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ >
¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ >
¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ >
¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ >
¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ >
¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ >
¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦
¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦
¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦
¦ +--¦ +--¦ +--¦ +--¦ +--¦ +--¦ +--¦ +--¦ ¦
¦ ¦OO¦ ¦OO¦ ¦OO¦ ¦OO¦ ¦OO¦ ¦OO¦ ¦OO¦ ¦OO¦ ¦
¦ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ ¦
¦ 100 100<>100 84<>84 100<>100 100<>100 100 100 100<>100 ¦
¦ < Master >Headphon PCM Front Surround Center LFE Line ¦
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
¦ Chip: Analog Devices AD1986A ¦
¦ View: [Playback] Capture All ¦
¦ Item: Master [dB gain=0.00] ¦
¦ ¦
¦ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ ¦
¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦ ¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦
¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦
¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ >
¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ >
¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ >
¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ >
¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ >
¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ >
¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦
¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦
¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦
¦ +--¦ +--¦ +--¦ +--¦ +--¦ +--¦ +--¦ +--¦ ¦
¦ ¦OO¦ ¦OO¦ ¦OO¦ ¦OO¦ ¦OO¦ ¦OO¦ ¦OO¦ ¦OO¦ ¦
¦ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ ¦
¦ 100 100<>100 84<>84 100<>100 100<>100 100 100 100<>100 ¦
¦ < Master >Headphon PCM Front Surround Center LFE Line ¦
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
netconfig = Entra no utilitario de configuração de rede

whoami = Mostra qual usuário está logado
Código:
whoami
root
root
ifconfig = mostra e configura a internet
Código:
ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:17:31:77:9e:c0
inet addr:192.168.254.1 Bcast:192.168.254.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::217:31ff:fe77:9ec0/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST NOTRAILERS RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:460829 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:417137 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:546423045 (521.1 MiB) TX bytes:141227570 (134.6 MiB)
Interrupt:19
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:44 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:44 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:3168 (3.0 KiB) TX bytes:3168 (3.0 KiB)
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:17:31:77:9e:c0
inet addr:192.168.254.1 Bcast:192.168.254.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::217:31ff:fe77:9ec0/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST NOTRAILERS RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:460829 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:417137 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:546423045 (521.1 MiB) TX bytes:141227570 (134.6 MiB)
Interrupt:19
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:44 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:44 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:3168 (3.0 KiB) TX bytes:3168 (3.0 KiB)
fsck = Escaneia o disco
Código:
fsck
fsck 1.41.3 (12-Oct-2008)
reiserfsck 3.6.20
Copyright (C) 2001-2005 by Hans Reiser, licensing governed by reiserfsprogs/COPYING.
*************************************************************
** If you are using the latest reiserfsprogs and it fails **
** please email bug reports to reiserfs-list@namesys.com, **
** providing as much information as possible -- your **
** hardware, kernel, patches, settings, all reiserfsck **
** messages (including version), the reiserfsck logfile, **
** check the syslog file for any related information. **
** If you would like advice on using this program, support **
** is available for $25 at www.namesys.com/support.html. **
*************************************************************
Will read-only check consistency of the filesystem on /dev/hda1
Will put log info to 'stdout'
Do you want to run this program?[N/Yes] (note need to type Yes if you do):
fsck 1.41.3 (12-Oct-2008)
reiserfsck 3.6.20
Copyright (C) 2001-2005 by Hans Reiser, licensing governed by reiserfsprogs/COPYING.
*************************************************************
** If you are using the latest reiserfsprogs and it fails **
** please email bug reports to reiserfs-list@namesys.com, **
** providing as much information as possible -- your **
** hardware, kernel, patches, settings, all reiserfsck **
** messages (including version), the reiserfsck logfile, **
** check the syslog file for any related information. **
** If you would like advice on using this program, support **
** is available for $25 at www.namesys.com/support.html. **
*************************************************************
Will read-only check consistency of the filesystem on /dev/hda1
Will put log info to 'stdout'
Do you want to run this program?[N/Yes] (note need to type Yes if you do):
top = Mostra os processos rodando no computador
Código:
top - 23:35:57 up 9:57, 3 users, load average: 0.05, 0.16, 0.16
Tasks: 104 total, 2 running, 102 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
Cpu(s): 5.0%us, 0.7%sy, 0.0%ni, 94.3%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
Mem: 1029468k total, 984008k used, 45460k free, 50808k buffers
Swap: 995988k total, 448k used, 995540k free, 439460k cached
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
7663 root 20 0 399m 149m 30m S 6.0 14.8 91:21.02 firefox-bin
2908 root 19 -1 301m 39m 9456 S 4.3 3.9 34:21.08 X
9734 root 20 0 719m 202m 17m S 2.7 20.1 11:15.25 java
14960 root 20 0 71172 26m 10m R 2.0 2.6 0:04.18 Terminal
15635 root 20 0 2344 1092 848 R 0.7 0.1 0:00.12 top
2962 root 20 0 28872 13m 9m S 0.3 1.3 0:47.43 kwin
11033 root 20 0 100m 14m 7144 S 0.3 1.5 0:26.48 artsd
1 root 20 0 772 296 260 S 0.0 0.0 0:02.62 init
2 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kthreadd
3 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/0
4 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.08 ksoftirqd/0
5 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.14 events/0
6 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 khelper
110 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.58 kblockd/0
Tasks: 104 total, 2 running, 102 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
Cpu(s): 5.0%us, 0.7%sy, 0.0%ni, 94.3%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
Mem: 1029468k total, 984008k used, 45460k free, 50808k buffers
Swap: 995988k total, 448k used, 995540k free, 439460k cached
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
7663 root 20 0 399m 149m 30m S 6.0 14.8 91:21.02 firefox-bin
2908 root 19 -1 301m 39m 9456 S 4.3 3.9 34:21.08 X
9734 root 20 0 719m 202m 17m S 2.7 20.1 11:15.25 java
14960 root 20 0 71172 26m 10m R 2.0 2.6 0:04.18 Terminal
15635 root 20 0 2344 1092 848 R 0.7 0.1 0:00.12 top
2962 root 20 0 28872 13m 9m S 0.3 1.3 0:47.43 kwin
11033 root 20 0 100m 14m 7144 S 0.3 1.5 0:26.48 artsd
1 root 20 0 772 296 260 S 0.0 0.0 0:02.62 init
2 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kthreadd
3 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/0
4 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.08 ksoftirqd/0
5 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.14 events/0
6 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 khelper
110 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.58 kblockd/0
killall = Matra processos
Código:
killall firefox-bin
hostname = Mostra qual é o "nome" da maquina
Código:
hostname
localhost
localhost
chown = Modifica permissoes de pastas e arquivos
Código:
chown -hR alemao sindicatohacker~
su ( ou sudo su depende da distro ) = Pede permissoes maiores ( ou melhor dizendo: ROOT )
Código:
$ su
password:
Matrix ~ #
$ sudo su
password:
Matrix ~ #
password:
Matrix ~ #
$ sudo su
password:
Matrix ~ #
clear = limpa a tela do terminal
Código:
clear
pkgtool = Gerencia pacotes do sistema ( esse comando nao serve para todos linuxies )

UUUFFAAA....
Espero ter ajudado..
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